An AI robot’s painting of British computer scientist and codebreaker Alan Turing has sold for $1.08 million, becoming the most valuable artwork by a humanoid robot ever to change hands at auction and raising new questions about the role of artificial intelligence in art.

A robot named Ai-Da used its algorithms, camera vision, and robotic arm to create a portrait of AI pioneer Alan Turing. Sotheby's thought it would go for a max of $180,000.